LOWER BACK PAIN

Lower back pain is pain, stiffness, or discomfort felt in the lower part of the spine (the lumbar region), typically between the bottom of the ribs and the buttocks. It is one of the most common health complaints and can range from a mild ache to severe, disabling pain.

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Common Causes of Lower Back Pain

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Muscle or Ligament Strain

The most common cause.

• Lifting heavy objects incorrectly

• Sudden awkward movements

• Overuse during exercise or physical work

• Poor posture

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Disc Problems

The spinal discs act as cushions between vertebrae.

• Herniated (slipped) disc: disc material presses on nearby nerves.

• Degenerative disc changes due to aging.

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Arthritis and Joint Conditions

• Osteoarthritis affecting the spine

• Narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis)

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Nerve Compression

• Sciatica (compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve)

• Can cause pain radiating down one leg

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Structural Issues

• Scoliosis (abnormal spinal curvature)

• Spondylolisthesis (one vertebra slips over another)

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Medical Conditions

Less common causes include:

• Kidney stones

• Kidney infections

• Osteoporosis-related fractures

• Certain inflammatory diseases such as Ankylosing Spondylitis

• Rarely, tumours or infections involving the spine

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Common Symptoms

Local Symptoms

• Dull ache in the lower back

• Sharp or stabbing pain

• Stiffness, especially after resting

• Muscle spasms

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Symptoms That May Suggest Nerve Involvement

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• Pain traveling into the buttock, thigh, calf, or foot

• Numbness or tingling in the legs

• Burning sensation

• Weakness in one or both legs

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Activity-Related Symptoms

• Pain that worsens with bending, lifting, or twisting

• Pain after prolonged sitting or standing

• Difficulty walking or changing positions